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Jalgaon

Population (2001 census): 3,679,936 Literacy rate (2001): 76.06% Below poverty line: 46% Infant mortality rate (IMR): 11 Getting there >> Air: Nearest airport is at Aurangabad (151 km); Airports at Pune (377 km) and Mumbai (425 km) are other nearby ones. Rail: Connected by rail, with a station at Jalgaon (important broad gauge route and a narrow gauge line). Connected to Mumbai too by rail. Road: State highways and roads link district headquarters at Jalgaon to all 15 tahsils and towns. National highway (No 6) passes through Jalgaon.

Physical

Geographical location: Between 20° and 21° North latitudes and 74° 55' to 76° 28' East longitudes, in the northern part of the state. Area: 11,765 sq km Adjoining districts: North: Satpuda Hills, South: Aurangabad and Nashik, East: Madhya Pradesh and Buldhana, West: Dhule Major urban centres: Jalgaon, Bhusawal, Kandari, Varangaon, Nimbore BK, Fekari, Chopda, Pachora, Chalisgaon, Amalner, Yawal, Faispur, Raver, Savada, Parola, Errandol, Dharangaon Major crops: Wheat, millet, lime, groundnut, cotton, sugarcane, banana Major rivers: Tapi, Girna, Waghur, Guli Total no. of sub-districts: 15

Demography (2001 census)

Population: 3,679,936 Density of population (persons/sq km): 313 Men: 1,904,437 Women: 1,775,499 Total rural population: 2,627,315 Total urban population: 1,052,621 % of Scheduled castes: 49.5% % of Scheduled tribes: 50.5% Sex-ratio (females/1000 males): 932

Social development indicators (2000-01)

Below poverty line: 46% Infant mortality rate (IMR): 11 Maternal mortality rate: 0.6 Birth rate: 22.3 Death rate: 6.3

Climate

Max temp in °C: 42.7°C Min temp in °C: 10.3°C Average rainfall in mm: 700.7 mm

Economy

Industries: Silk, sugar industries, vegetable oil, ginning and pressing Industrial centres: Jalgaon, Chalisgaon, Amalner, Pimprale, Warangaon, Pachora Main markets: Jalgaon, Bhusawal, Amalner, Chalisgaon Main banking centres: Jalgaon, Yawal, Bhusawal, Jamner, Chalisgaon, Erandol, Amalner Raver, Pachora. Main bank: State Bank of India

Disaster vulnerability

Flood: No Earthquake: No Cyclone: No Drought: No Relief machinery: Fire brigade: 2; crane: 1

Medical facilities

Hospitals: Hospitals- 45 Ambulances, 16 (government), 11 (private) Health facilities: The district has a network of government-run health facilities consisting of the district hospital offering tertiary-level care. Rural hospitals at the secondary level and primary health centres, sub-centres and dispensaries provide basic healthcare to the rural population. Nearly 30% of the villages have such primary health facilities (1991). The district had 1.11 beds per 1000 population in the medical institutions of the urban areas (1991). Blood banks: 1 (private), 1 (government)

Language

Language: Marathi is the local language. People speak Hindi in the areas bordering Madhya Pradesh.

Food

Food: The staple food of the people is millets, wheat and rice.

Transportation and communication

Post and telegraph services: 1,741 post offices, 249 telegraph offices State highways passing through the district and road services: Major national and state highways pass through the district. The national highways that pass through Jalgaon are: Surat--Dhule--Edlabad—Nagpur road and the Surat--Dhule--Bhusawal—Nagpur road. Important state highways are: Chalisgaon—Nandgaon road No 5; Malegaon--Chalisgaon--Pachora--Nagpur road No 18; Dhule--Chalisgaon road No 22; Amalner--Parola--Bhadgaon road No 24; Ankaleshwar--Shahade—Bharhanpur road No 23; Dhule—Amalner--Chopda road No 24 A; Bhuswal--Jamner--Fattepur—Dhamangaon road No 25 A and Bhuswal--Yawal road No 25. Important railway stations and railway services: Jalgaon is a railway junction connected to Mumbai, New Delhi, Kolkata, Nagpur and Allahabad.

Voluntary agencies

Culture and Religion

Fairs and festivals: Four main fairs are held in the district which attract a number of devotees not only from within the district but also from the rest of the state. These are: the Shri Rama Ratotsava fair at Jalgaon town, held during the Hindu month of Kartik; the Navaratri-Mahalaxmi fair at Jalgaon town during Navaratri (October-November); Changdeo fair at the Changdeo temple located about 6 kms northwest of Edlabad, and the Mukatabai fair held again in Magha at Kothali, in Edlabad tehsil. Religious places: Changdev, Amalner, Atraval, Chorwad, Chandsani, Padmalaya, Raver, Patnadevi, Kapilleshwar History: Much of the early history of Jalgaon district is obscure. It was part of a region known as Rasika in ancient times, and after the region came under the rule of the Farqui Kings, it came to be called Khandesh. The Vakatakas, the Nizam of Hyderabad, and subsequently the Marathas ruled the region. In 1906 when Khandesh was divided, east Khandesh became present-day Jalgaon. In 1956 with the reorganisation of states, it was included in Bombay state, and with the formation of Maharashtra in 1960, Jalgaon became a district of the state.